Tips
Subjects with Email
If you run a website and have an e-mail link, you're bound to get e-mail -possibly lots of it. Unfortunately, much of the e-mail you receive may have a very nondescript subject or none at all, leaving you to have to open every single message using your mail reader to see what the subject is about. There's a better way. Attach the "?subject=SUBJECT" extension to your "mailto:" link and force a subject onto the user (unless they manually change it).
For example, the following e-mails someone@somewhere.com with the subject "Test Message."
Don't Ignore White Space
When designing web pages, you may feel that since there is so much information on your website, you just must cram it all together on one page. DON'T DO IT! (there, I just ignored my rule on not shouting).
White space, if used properly, can be very pleasing to the eye. Look at your favorite newspaper or magazine and check the layout - most popular ones place space between text and pictures, not trying to cram everything together in the least space possible. Follow the advice graphic designers have had for years -put a little space between the elements on your page. If you cannot do this without making your webpage huge, then it is time to start redesigning the layout of your website - see if you can separate your WebPages into categories and just list the main categories on the front page.
Design for the Smallest Screen Size
It is very easy when designing websites to design for the best systems available - you know, 17 inch + monitors with at least 1024X768 resolution with true-color. My advice is to strongly avoid designing just for such systems. Surprisingly to those who have the money to buy the latest and greatest technology, most people do not have 17 inch monitors - most have 13 or 14 inch. Even more amazingly to some, those who use big-screen monitors do not necessarily have their resolution set to 1024X768. Some use 800X600, and a few still use 640X480. Take out the pixels used by the browser's window border, a vertical scrollbar, and possibly a taskbar on the right side of the screen (such as that of Microsoft Office (c), and you have maybe 550 or so pixels visible on some peoples' screens.
Note that I'm modifying this in 2001. According to latest web usage surveys, a large majority of users now have their screens set to at least 800x600. So it may be safe to design for these resolutions. However, you should still avoid1024x768.
You need to plan for this limited horizontal resolution when designing websites, else people with small resolutions will see a horizontal scrollbar. If the case studies are correct and most (or many) web users do not use the vertical scrollbar, imagine how few people use the horizontal scrollbar! The amount is just about nil percentage-wise. Even those who understand what the horizontal scrollbar means may find such websites very unprofessional.
Yes, designing for such a small resolution is challenging, but it is worth the trouble. If you can't design specifically for such users, at least make sure to test your websites with 640X480 resolution. If you are using Win95 withQuickRes(c) or WinNT 4.0, you should be able to change your resolution on the fly to simulate what most people see when browsing the web.
Avoid Invisible Text
When designing web pages for promotional purposes, it can seem like a very good idea to place hidden text on the bottom of your WebPages. Placing frequently used keywords hidden on the bottom of the page *may* increase your search engine position when such keywords are entered in search engine queries. My advice is to resist this temptation. Why? More search engines are starting to penalize this technique (yes, it is not that hard to detect - just look for a font color tag with the same value or similar value to a body color tag). Even if the search engines do not detect this, they still frown on this technique. If you are reported to a search engine, it is likely that you could be blacklisted forever from submitting websites to such search engines. There are other ways to promote WebPages and set up your site for high search engine positions, so avoid invisible text.
Have a GOOD Reason To Use Frames?
If you plan on using frames in your website, make sure you have a REAL good reason to do so. Only use frames if it really is the best navigational system available, and PLEASE create an alternate version of your website for those who do not use frames.
Why agonize about using frames? Frames can slow down slow computers. Frames use up system resources (even some in Win95!) Some browsers have problems viewing frame-based sites. And some people just hate frames.
Watch Anti-Aliasing When Changing Background Colors
Anti-Aliasing is great - instead of seeing jagged edges, paint programs supporting this feature fake the eye into seeing a smooth transition between colors by using faded variations of the edge colors. This can be a blessing and a curse, though. If you design a transparent graphic that has anti-aliased borders, be careful when you first decide on the graphic's transparent color (the same as the background color). If the webpage has a different background color as the transparent graphic's transparent/background color, you could have a lot of re-touching to do.
When the anti-aliasing effect chooses the border colors between an object on a graphic and the background color, the paint program will choose border colors that use variations of the object color and the background color. This is not a problem if the transparent 'color' is chosen wisely as the same color of a webpage's background, but if the colors are drastically different, the transparent graphic will tend to have an unsightly edge that will have to be corrected.
The moral of this story - do some planning before you design your graphics. Plan out the colors beforehand. Or, you could decide not to use anti-aliasing.
Don't Blink at Me
Yes, there is a tag that most web browsers support. Yes, it may seem kind of cool that you can have blinking text on a page. And yes, it may attract attention to that text. However, you should REALLY think twice about using that tag, and if you do, you need to come up with a really good reason fordoing so. Why? Many people believe that blinking text is bad, amateurish, evil, or all of the above. You do not want your webpage to look like it came from an amateur; I am guessing that since you are reading this you want a nice looking web page. If you want animated text, stick to animated gifs and do something besides just blinking. Your users will thank you for it (well, maybe they won't, but they probably won't go running away from your website for that reason, either).
your text
Use WIDTH and HEIGHT Tags For Images
Use WIDTH and HEIGHT tags for images.
It is STRONGLY recommended that you always code in image width and height tags. By telling web browsers the size of an image, a page will appear to load faster on a client's machine.
FORMAT:
graphic.ext - your graphic file.
wd = the width, in pixels, of your graphic.
ht = the height, in pixels, of your graphic.
When is a Space Not a Space?
When it's a  space.
Normally, web browsers will compress multiple spaces in text to one space. However, if you use  for a space character, most web browsers interpret this as 'you really wanted a space there, didn't you? Fine, I'll give you one!" Note that not every web browser supports this tip; but, all the majors handle this special space just fine.
Always Interlace your GIF(c) images.
What does it mean to interlace GIF images? When a web browser displays an interlaced GIF image, especially a large image, the graphic will display progressively using a curtain-style effect. This not only looks nice for your viewers, but makes the page seem to load quicker.
Instant Bars, Columns, and More!
Everyone needs to know the small gif trick. Do you want to create solid-color bars and column dividers of varying amount of pixels on a page? If so, don't create separate graphics for each bar. Create a 1x1 pixel GIF image and color the pixel with your desired color. Now, when coding the graphic into your webpage, use the image WIDTH and HEIGHT tags to set up how wide or tall you want the bar/column to be. This technique can definitely speed up your page loading time when done correctly.
Don't forget the text placement tip. Create a pixel with a transparent color, and use it to 'line up' text on a web page to the exact pixel. Need a 20 pixel left margin? Use the 1-pixel transparent GIF and the WIDTH=20 addition to the tag.
Fancy Backgrounds Aren't Always *kool*
(Yes, that's an intentional misspelling).
It can be VERY tempting, especially for new website designers, to create really elaborate backgrounds. One of the problems with such an idea is that the more elaborate and colorful a background, the harder it will be to place readable text on top of the background. Let's face it - graphics are nice, but most web pages are developed to convey some sort of message to the reader. If your page is entirely graphics, and you feel a complex background is appropriate, go for it. If you page has any text, though, try to stick with simple or close to mono-color backgrounds. Perhaps make part of the background colorful, and another part plain-color, and only place text on the plain-color sections (this can be accomplished using tables and other positioning elements).
Download Software From a Website Without FTP
Do you have a website and want to distribute software from the website, such as a screensaver , a software package you wrote, music, or other files, but do not know how to do so? You may have heard about FTP which stands for File Transfer Protocol, a means of transferring files over the Internet. If you do not have access to an FTP server to distribute files, or if you do not want to hassle with setting one up, there is another way to set your webpage to transfer files.
You probably know the tag provides a link to a file. Well, you can use this same tag to *link to a downloadable file*. If you have a program, say, "shareware.exe", and you want people to download the file, just put this tag:
Download my shareware program
Note that not every web browser supports this easily. You may need to instruct people, especially those using Internet Explorer, to right-click on the link and choose "Save As..." to download the file. This is a small price to pay for not having to set up an FTP site.
Aid Those who Can't See Images
One of the easiest ways to make your page viewable by more people is the addition of the ALT tag when it comes to graphics. The ALT tag allows those without graphic-ready web browsers (or those who have graphics turned off in their web browser) to see text where the graphic would be instead of nothing at all. Simply add ALT="your text here" inside the tag, or check your HTML-editing software for more information about adding descriptions to images. It just takes a couple of seconds to add an ALT tag to your images, but it can mean so much for your web visitors.
For those who do not or cannot using ALT tags: Especially if your images are for navigation, you may want to place text-only navigations links throughout your site. This way, text-only users will still be able to move around your pages.
Never Delete a Webpage
What's that you say? What if I have content that has changed so drastically that it needs to be placed in another page? What if I laid out my paths incorrectly and want to change them? Should I not delete the old files?
Yes, and no. You should always update content, even if it means moving text from one page to another. But never, NEVER completely remove a webpage URL. When a web spider (sent from places like AltaVista and others) indexes your site, it will keep all of the WebPages on your site in its database. If you delete a webpage on your server, that's fine and good, but InfoSeek still references your page. It looks VERY BAD for people to hit 404 not found errors on your site, and you should do everything in your power to keep this from happening. Therefore, instead of completely deleting a file or subdirectory, replace the .HTML files you were going to delete with a referrer page. Tell them the page they were trying to access has been moved to a new site, and give them the new link page. Better yet, use tags and redirect people to the new pages.
PLEASE! Use the NOFRAME tag!
If you *must* use frames in your website, check your website development manual on how to use the tag. This tag lets those who do not have frame-support (or have a way to turn off frame-support) to still view your site. Not everyone likes frames - don't force it on people. Better yet, use the tag and put a link on your page saying something like "Don't Like Frames - Click Here for a Non-Frame Version."
Consistency is the Key
With the millions of possible borders, backgrounds, buttons, icons, and other assorted clip-art available, it can be very tempting to try out all of them on your web page. My advice - use what you wish, but keep a consistent style and navigation system on your page. When people see websites with different backgrounds and different styles, they immediately think the site is less professional than one with a consistent or semi-consistent look (it's true!). Keeping the same style and navigation system also increases familiarity of the website to the visitor, making him or her feel more comfortable visiting the site and more likely to make return visits.
Never Delete a Webpage Revisited
In the tip "Never Delete a Webpage," I discussed why you should not completely remove a web address. In the tip, I stated that you need to create a referrer page where the old page used to go that pushes people back to a page of your choosing, keeping visitors away from 404 errors. If your web server is running on a UNIX machine, and you have shell access, there is a better way to create referrer pages.
The command "ln" creates a symbolic link from one file to another. This allows you to create a file "1.htm," and a link to that file called "home.htm." That way, when someone accesses "home.htm" they are brought to the file "1.htm."
Instead of creating referrer pages, create symbolic links. Use the parameter"-s" to the "ln" command to create what is called a soft link from one page to another. Don't worry too much about the technicalities; just know that this works.
For example, to create a link to the file "home.html" called "home.htm", enter in this command at the shell prompt:
ln -s home.htm home.html
Links That Don't Look Like Links
If you hate having links underlined in your web page, here is a tip that works under later versions of MS IE and Netscape 4.0+.
Instead of adding a link the normal way, you can code a link as follows.
Anon-underlined link
The link will perform like a link, but it will not look like one!
Remove your Site From Frames
Through links, does your website sometime appear in some other site's frames? If so, you may not mind this fact - or you may want your site visitors to have the option to exit the other site's frameset. To do so, just include a link on your page back to your site, and add the following code to the tag - TARGET="_top". For example, on site www.somesite.com, the code would be:
Stuck in a frame? Click here.
Shrink Image Sizes
Many people on the web are still using 14.4 modems. Even more just have 28.8,which still is barely adequate for most pages on the web. Try to design your graphics with these users in mind. Shrink GIF images by using 4,5, or 6-bitimages. Recompress your JPG images several times with several compression settings and see just what you can get away with as far as image quality versus size. A little work goes a long way in creating a page for all to enjoy and revisit.
Sometimes Fancy Editors Won't Work
Fancy webpage editors are nice - they allow WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) web design. Cutting and pasting is easy, and selecting graphics is a breeze. Some even have features that would be time-consuming to replicate by hand, such as automatically adding image HEIGHT and WIDTH tags, or searching a page or web site for broken links.
Many people think learning a web editor is the key to successful web design. My advice is to learn HTML anyway, no matter how nice your web editor may be. Many web editors add useless HTML tags that cannot be removed unless you edit the raw HTML source. Some editors have bugs, making it nearly impossible to, for example, place a hard return at a certain area of a page. Most do not support every HTML tag. If you ever need to edit a template file (an HTML file that will be parsed and filled with information from a database), most HTML editors could corrupt the template. Thus, there are times when knowing and editing raw HTML is crucial.
How to Handle Multiple Indentations
There are several ways of handling indentation of text. With this method, you can indent some text from the left-hand side of the page by one tab-width, and other text by two tab-widths.
To indent text, use the
tags to signify what is called a definition list. Inside this definition list, using the
tags indents text by one column, and the
tag indents text by two columns.
Just insert this code as a new webpage (deleting the extra returns) to see an example of this indentation.
Normal text.
This text is indented by two tab-widths
This text is indented by one tab-width
This text is indented by two tab-widths
This text is indented by one tab-width
This text is indented by two tab-widths
Normal Text
Please Be Considerate with Audio
More and more web pages are being developed that automatically play sound when the page is entered. This is fine for most people, but please be considerate when placing audio on your pages. Some people have slow connections, and the audio makes the page take longer to load. Also, some people do not like to hear audio. Perhaps you ought to make two versions of your page - one, the default, without audio, and the visitors can click to a duplicate page with audio if they like hearing tunes when surfing the web.
How to Indent Text on Both Sides
To indent text one tab-width (or one column) from both sides of the page, use the
tags. As the name of the tag suggests, this is recommended when using large block quotes of text on a webpage.
Go Back One Page
If you believe that your website visitors have JavaScript enabled on the web browsers, you can implement a simple piece of code that will cause the browser to go back to the previous page. Insert the following code as a link.
Back One Page
If the web browser is using JavaScript, clicking this link will cause the browser to return to the previous page.
Why Standardize on Graphics?
There are a couple of reasons why it is recommended to use some of the same graphics on all of the pages on your website.
First off, using the same set of graphics creates page conformity, making it easier for people to navigate your site. Plus, the conformity helps build a recognizable 'theme.'
Using the same graphics lowers the amount of hard drive space needed to host a website. If you are limited by space, this can be very important.
When your browser loads graphics, it usually places copies of such graphics in a memory or disk-based cache. That way, the graphics can be accessed quicker if they are needed again; instead of re-pulling the graphics from the net, the browser just has to pull the graphics from the cache. By utilizing this feature, when you use the same graphics on multiple pages, you maximize the cache usage and minimize load times for successive pages.
If you have to pay for your web space bandwidth after a certain amount, the less bandwidth used, the less your cost, correct? When you utilize the clients' caches by reusing the same graphics, you reduce the amount of bandwidth required for people to see your website.
Use Text Menus Too!
If you create site navigation menus using graphics, you still should create text-only versions as well. Some people browse the web with graphics turned off, and some use browsers that do not support images (such as LYNX).
More on Menu Navigation
A previous tip discuss placing menu navigation areas on all of your pages. This is a highly recommended practice to ease peoples' browsing of your website, but do not offset this great idea by placing your navigation areas at differing sections of the page. If your navigation area is at the top of the page, keep it there on all of the pages of your site. If it is at the bottom of the page, keep it there for the entire site.
Check Logs for Errors
It is highly important for a successful webmaster to pay careful attention to the log files. You especially need to look at the error log file. With most Internet servers, an error log file will show pages people tried unsuccessfully to access. While sometimes entries appear due to the mistyping of an URL or other odd reasons, some of the entries may be caused by pages that have been deleted or incorrect links on some of your pages. Find errors and fix them immediately. If you do not have access to your error log, ask your administrator on how this file can be accessed.
Linking and Frames
Remember that if you are using frames, when someone clicks on a link, the webpage that they wish to visit will be viewable in the current frame. So, if you are linking to other sites, parts of your website will still be visible when someone clicks the link.
To prevent this, add the following to your tag: . This will force the webpage to replace your entire page, not just the current frame.
Use a Background Color with a Background Tile
If you use a background graphic that is not white, off-white, or very light gray, then you might want to consider adding a default BGCOLOR background color that matches the background tile's color. Why do this, you may ask? If you have a lot of slow-loading graphics on your page (whoops!) or if the network conditions are slow, the background graphic may not appear until most of the text is visible on the page. The problem with this, for example, is that if your text is bright yellow and you are expecting a dark blue tiled background to appear, the text will be unreadable until the background appears. Reading bright yellow text on a gray or white background can be very difficult, so visitors may then leave your webpage! In this scenario, you should place a dark blue BGCOLOR background that will be visible before the tiled background appears. This way, visitors can read your text before the tiled background appears.
Take Visitors Somewhere Else
One of the previous tips mentioned that you should never delete a webpage. Instead, create a referrer page so visitors going to one page will be automatically taken to another page. In case you need to do this, or if you can think of other reasons for taking users automatically from one page to another, here is how it is done.
This does not work on every browser! This tip, however, works on most versions of Netscape and Internet Explorer.
Between the and ; tags (yes, you should be using these to contain your tags, you will be adding a new META tag. This META tag will work on most browser s to refresh them from one page to another. The format is:
seconds = the number of seconds to wait before the page redirects
my url = the page to which you would like to redirect someone
So, for example, to redirect someone to the Envision Programming page in 5seconds, here is the META tag that you will use.
You Need a Menu
Especially if your website has lots of pages, it is recommended to place a menu of WebPages on the top, bottom, or side of each webpage. You do not need to have a link to every page, just the major pages or categories.
Linking and Frames Revisited
Do you have a lot of outward links on a page within a frameset? Instead of adding the "target="_top" to every link, force every link on the page to display a page that covers the entire browser window, not just the current frame. Add this tag near the top of your document (right after probably would work best).
Do You Need an Animated GIF?
Animated GIF images are nice in some aspects. Studies have shown that animated areas on a page attract attention much more than static areas; that is why many advertisement banners use animated GIFs. Do not, however, go overboard when using such graphics. The old saying "too many cooks spoil the soup" works on the web; too many animated GIF images will distract your webpage viewers and perhaps cause them to leave your page prematurely.
Remove Borders from Linked Images
Normally, when you add a graphic to a webpage and make that graphic linkable, a border will appear around the image. If you do not wish this border to appear, add the BORDER = "0" option to the tag like this example:
Open Link in New Window
To force a new window to open when someone clicks on a link from your webpage keeping your webpage in the original browser window, add theTARGET="_new" code to your tag for that link.
For example, this opens the link to
http://www.techiwarehouse.com in a new window.
Screensavers!
Web Design - Never Delete a Webpage Re-Revisited
In "Never Delete a Webpage Revisited," I commented on another way to create referrer pages. Those running non-UN*X servers may ask "That's fine and good for them, but what about me?" Depending on your website server software, you may have another option. Look for .htm or file remapping or file aliasing. This option allows you to 'map' one file to another, so when the server gets a request for, say "home.htm," it actually shows the file "home.html." You will need to look in your server software instructions for more information and if it supports this feature.
Adding an Image Background to Your Tables
The table below contains 2 columns and 1 row. The left column contains the image. The original image appears below with a border to enable you to see the actual size.
Auto Fill Email Subject
You can create an email link that will automatically fill in the subject line when clicked on. Add the following code to your HTML.
Example:
Changing Link Colors
You can change the color of an individual link by adding a font tag in front of your linked text.
Example:
Your Link
Adding Color To Your Table Borders (Internet Explorer)
In this example, the table background color is set to #EAE8E8. The border color is set to #C6C6C6
Your Text
Colored Text Boxes (Internet Explorer)
Creating A Placeholder For An Empty Table Cell
Without using a placeholder within your blank table cells, your table will look like this
By simply adding the  character code within your HTML, your table cell will be visible.
Your Text
Â
Your Text
Â
Your Text
Â
Creating an Email Form
You can create a simple form to enable your visitors to send you comments. Copy and paste the code below into the HTML of your page. Change the code highlighted in red to your email address.
Name:
Email:
Comment:
<!-- Footer Start -->
</td></tr></table><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td width="100%" background="/i/cg.gif"><img src="/i/cg.gif" width=529 height=11></td></tr></table><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0"><tr>
<td width="33%" valign="top"><b>.:: Programming ::.</b><ul>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=14">Active X</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=15">ASP</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=16">Assembly</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=17">Basic</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=18">C and C++</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=19">CGI</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=20">Cobol</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=21">ColdFusion</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=22">CSS</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=23">Delphi</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=24">DHTML</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=25">HTML</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=26">Java</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=27">JavaScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=28">OpenGL</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=29">Pascal</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=30">Perl</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=31">PHP</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=32">Python</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=33">SQL</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=34">Tcl/TK</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=35">Visual Basic</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=36">VRML</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=37">WML</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=38">XML</a></li>
</ul></td>
<td width="33%" valign="top"><b>.:: Hardware ::.</b><ul>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=9">Case</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=10">CPU</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=11">Hard Drive</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=12">Memory</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=13">Motherboard</a></li>
</ul>
<b>.:: IT Solutions ::.</b><ul>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=6">Hosting solutions</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=61">Pricing Solutions</a></li>
</ul>
<b>.:: Certifications ::.</b><ul>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=1">A+</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=2">Cisco</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=3">IT Schools</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=4">MCSE</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=5">Network Plus</a></li>
</ul>
<b>.:: Other ::.</b><ul>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=47">Beginners Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=48">Networking</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=49">Oracle</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=50">Security</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=51">Site Promotions</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
<td width="33%" valign="top"><b>.:: OS ::.</b><ul>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=39">DOS</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=40">Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=41">MacOS</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=42">Windows 2000</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=43">Windows 98</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=44">Windows NT</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=45">Windows XP</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=46">Unix</a></li>
</ul>
<b>.:: Softwares ::.</b><ul>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=52">3D Studio Max</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=53">Access</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=54">AOL</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=55">Flash</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=56">Internet Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=57">Maya</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=58">Outlook</a></li>
<li><a href="/cms/articles.php?cat=59">Photohop</a></li>
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