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A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG ) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect . [ 1 ] The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor , carbon dioxide , methane , nitrous oxide , and ozone . In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus , Mars ,and Titan also contain gases that cause greenhouse effects. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the Earth; without them, Earth's surfacewould be on average about 33 °C (59 °F) [ note 1 ] colderthan at present.
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , the burning of fossil fuels has contributed to the increase incarbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 280ppm to 390ppm, despite the uptake of a large portion of the emissions through various natural "sinks" involved in the carbon cycle . Anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO 2 ) emissions come from combustion of carbonaceous fuels, principally wood , coal , oil , and natural gas .
History of scientific research:
Late 19th century scientists experimentally discovered that N 2 and O 2 do not absorb infrared radiation (called, at that time, "dark radiation") while, on the contrary, water,both as true vapour and condensed in the form of microscopic droplets suspended in clouds, as well as CO 2 and other poly-atomicgaseous molecules, do absorb infrared radiation. It was recognized in the early 20th century that the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused the Earth's overall temperature to be higher than it would be without them. During the late 20th century, a scientific consensus evolved that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are causing a substantial rise in global temperatures and changes toother parts of the climate system, with consequences for the environment and for human health.
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